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Types of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders can be diagnosed when fear or anxiety is constant, chronic and interfere with daily life. Psychotherapy or talk therapy and medications are effective treatments. First, see your physician to determine if there are any physical issues that might be causing your symptoms. A psychiatrist or mental health specialist will be able to diagnose the type of anxiety disorder you suffer from. Generalized anxiety disorder Everyone is anxious from time to time, and there are a variety of good reasons to worry about things like work responsibility and financial obligations, as well as health. But when the anxiety becomes constant and consumes your life, you could be suffering from a more serious disorder known as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD is defined by dread and anxiety that can alter the entire life of a person. They are prone to believe that everything is worst and believe that minor issues can become major problems. GAD can be affected by anyone. It typically begins in adolescence or childhood, but it can happen at any time. It is twice as common for women and those who are assigned to be female at birth, as it is in males. GAD can cause physical problems, such as headaches and stomachaches. It can make it difficult to fall asleep. It can also affect work and social activities, cause people to withdraw from family or friends and cause a loss of self-esteem. People suffering from chronic and severe GAD are more likely to be depressed, but treatment can help manage both disorders. While the root of anxiety disorders is not known however, they are related to genes and changes in brain structure that affect the way your body responds to stress. Certain experts believe that an imbalance of neurotransmitters within the brain may also play a part. GAD is not curable, however it can be controlled with psychotherapy (talk-therapy) and medications. Talk therapy or psychotherapy includes a range of treatments that help you identify and modify negative thoughts, emotions and behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a kind of therapy that can help you to understand and control your thinking patterns that are unbalanced and decrease your fear by engaging them. Medications can help relieve some of the physical symptoms, like dizziness and heart palpitations. They include antidepressants, benzodiazepines and some medications that treat seizures, like hydroxyzine. GAD isn't easy to identify and is therefore important to get help if you are experiencing anxiety and other signs of the disorder. It is much easier to treat if you seek help early, before the physical and mental symptoms begin to take over your life. Panic disorder This type of anxiety disorder is defined by frequent episodes of extreme terror and fear that reach a peak within minutes (panic attacks). The disorder can also trigger chest pain, shortness of breath or the sensation that your heart is fluttering or pounding (heart palpitations). They worry that the symptoms they're experiencing are signs of heart attacks. People suffering from panic disorder could be at risk of developing other anxiety disorders, such as depression and other health issues such asthma or hyperthyroidism. Researchers believe that anxiety disorders are caused by a variety of factors. Some research suggests they may be due to brain circuits that regulate emotion and fear. Other studies suggest that life experiences, genetics such as childhood abuse or traumatic events are the most common causes of anxiety disorders. Many people with an anxiety disorder have a first-degree family member who suffers from the condition. Anxiety disorders can cause people to feel constantly anxious, even though they know their fears are not rational. This can lead to difficulty in social situations, work or school. Certain people suffering from anxiety disorders also have difficulty sleeping or eating well. They may also suffer from tension in their muscles, irritability and difficulties in concentration. A person suffering from generalized anxiety disorder may be worried about a variety of everyday activities, including job responsibilities and family issues. They might also feel anxious, easily fatigued or have trouble in concentrating. They might also worry about their safety or that of others. There are effective treatments available for anxiety disorders. The treatments include medicine psychotherapy, psychotherapy, and other complementary health techniques. A mental health professional can help identify which disorder is causing your symptoms and suggest the best treatment. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can help you understand how to cope with your anxieties and decrease the number of panic attacks you experience. Several types of psychotherapy are available, including cognitive behavior therapy and exposure response prevention. These treatments can be carried out individually or in groups. Social anxiety disorder While many people are anxious or shy in certain situations, social anxiety disorder can cause such intense fear, anxiety and avoidance of social interactions that it can interfere with normal life activities. It can manifest in early adulthood, but it usually starts in the early years of childhood. It can manifest itself as anxiety in certain social situations like speaking in class or going out on dates. It can also be more widespread and include avoiding all situations that could lead to being assessed. When someone with SAD realizes that their fear is irrational, they still feel helpless to overcome it. They try to manage their symptoms by avoiding situations that trigger anxiety, but this makes them feel even more anxious. They may also develop “safety behavior” to ease their anxiety. For instance, they might drink alcohol, remain silent or avoid eye contact. In addition to the psychotherapy, some people with SAD can benefit from medication. These antidepressants can help balance certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Some examples of these medications are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If you or someone you know has social anxiety disorder, it's essential to get treatment. If not treated, the condition could be debilitating, and can lead to other mental health issues like depression or addiction to substances. If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, dial 911 or your local crisis line, or text TALK to 741741 and speak to a trained crisis counselor. Anxiety disorders are extremely treatable however, only 1 of 4 people who require care receive it. Treatment is impeded due to an absence of awareness of anxiety disorders, a lack of investment in mental health services, and stigma. It is also essential to ensure that your doctor is aware of the different types of anxiety disorders so that you can be treated and diagnosed appropriately. Your doctor should refer you to an expert in mental health if you are unsure whether you have an anxiety disorder. You can also use an online screening tool. Specific fears A person with a specific phobia experiences a constant and intense fear for one or more objects, situations such as animals, objects, or people. These fears are usually not proportional to the risk that the object or situation creates, but they can cause distress and hinder everyday functioning. Specific phobias are different from other anxiety disorders because they are triggered by only one stimulus, rather than multiple stimuli. The object or situation that is feared could be anything from heights to dogs, flying to injections and crowded spaces. This condition is prevalent throughout the world and is more common in males than women, and can begin in childhood or adolescence. Specific phobias are not unreasonable fears, but the fear remains real. Children with specific fears usually outgrow them. However, if the phobia persists in adulthood, it can be difficult to treat. Doctors diagnose the disorder by evaluating the symptoms and how they impact the way they function in their daily lives. Before diagnosing a phobia doctors are able to rule out other disorders with similar symptoms such as agoraphobia or social anxiety disorders. In past DSM editions, patients of adult age were required to recognize their irrational fear as a part of the diagnosis, but the 2013 edition says this is no longer required for adults. Treatment options for specific phobias include cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure-based therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on changing the way people react to their fears and teaches them healthier coping strategies. Exposure-based therapy involves gradual and systematic exposure of the object or situation that is feared. The patient might begin by thinking about the object or circumstance and then move to looking at pictures of the subject, taking a step toward it (such as walking through an elevator), holding the toy snake, taking it to a zoo and looking at real snakes, and finally taking a ride in an elevator that is crowded. This kind of therapy might not cure a fear, but it could reduce its intensity. Psychotherapy and medications like antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs are also options for treating certain phobias. People suffering from specific phobias who try these therapies frequently experience better outcomes.